after i write you the definition of contextual teaching and learning and i've write you too the component of contextual teaching and learning. now i share you the application of the part of contextual teaching and learning. contructivism in teaching English.
The application of constructivism in teaching English and learning process involves the students and their basic knowledge and experience in learning something new in English. The students construct and apply their knowledge to communicate in English and to express their knowledge which has been possessed. Otherwise, the students who didn’t possess the basic knowledge and experience of English could learn English communication from the known friend or the other learning resource. The unknown students can imitate their known friend and their learning resource in communicating in English.
The teachers’ role gives the students some chances to practice and to train the English communication. They let their students to get the knowledge and experience with their own strategy. However, the teachers’ role is to facilitate the constructive process for their students. Connecting with the teachers’ role facilitating all process directing to constructivism, the teacher can create the meaningful and relevant knowledge for students. Thus, the application of constructivism process in teaching English is that the teacher facilitates the students to get the English knowledge and experience gradually, and the teacher lets the students to construct the new English experience and knowledge in their own mind by using their own English learning strategy.
Teaching English applying constructivism process is that planning the teaching process, implementing the teaching process, choosing the course content, and evaluating the teaching process support the constructivism process. The constructivism process consists of giving the learning experience to apply the previous knowledge and experience of English, planning some teaching activities to lead constructing the students’ knowledge and experience in English, and preparing some learning resources to direct the students’ future. The students practice to solve the problem in English subject matter by building their knowledge and experience, so the students get the new experience from the result of building the previous knowledge in their mind.
The English course content related to constructivism can be applied in reading and speaking. From teaching reading and speaking, the teachers develop the material into developing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. These course contents are integrated in both teaching reading and speaking. In combination of teaching speaking, the students automatically construct their listening skill and integratedly develop their pronunciation. In integration with teaching reading, the students also build their writing skill, their vocabulary, and their grammar.
1)
Constructivism Process in Teaching Reading
The constructivism process in teaching reading is that the teacher
presents English text for students. The students who possessed the knowledge
about the text given will guess the text; otherwise, the teacher will give
basic concept related to the text presented for students who didn’t posses the
knowledge about text. In this situation, the position of the known students is
to construct the new knowledge and to recall the previous knowledge for sharing
with the unknown students.
Sitinjak (2002:4) says that, relating to constructivism, the
teacher can help the students improving their reading skill from just reading a
simple text to a complex text in accordance with the structure and vocabulary
mastery.
As stated above, the teacher teaches reading material integrated
with reading material. Teaching reading is that the students construct the
reading ability after learning the question given and that they answer the
question made by them.
In constructivism in teaching reading and listening, the students
focus on:
Greeting
when meeting
|
Responses
|
Hi/Hello.
How
are you?
How
are you today?
Good
morning.
Good
afternoon.
Good
evening.
Nice
to see you.
|
Hi/Hello.
Fine,
thank you.
Very
well, thanks.
Good
morning/Morning.
Good
afternoon.
Good
evening.
Nice
to see you, too.
|
Greetings
when parting
|
Responses
|
Good
night.
Good
bye.
See
you later.
Bye!
|
Good
night.
Good
bye/Bye.
See
you.
Bye!
|
Read the dialog carefully:
Monica : Good morning,
Simon!
Simon : Good morning,
Monica! How are you?
Monica : Very well,
thanks. How about you?
Simon : I’m very well,
too. Thank you.
Monica : how about your
sister Anna,
Is she fine?
Simon : Yes, she is
fine. Now she is swimming.
Monica : Give my regard
for her, will you?
Simon : Yes, I will.
Well Monica … I must go now. I have to
Come early to class. See you.
Monica : See you, too.
Bye, Simon.
Simon : Bye, Monica.
1)
Constructivism in Teaching Speaking and Listening
In teaching speaking related to constructivism
process, the teacher gives the students some question in English. The teachers
let their students to listen the English utterances and the model given. When
the teachers teach speaking, they also teach some English course content such
as pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Of course, these English course
contents are used in spoken language. The teacher also has to train the
students in instructing the acceptable language and in communicating the
correct language.
The teacher can integrate teaching speaking and
teaching listening. When the teacher speaks in English, the students listen to
the teachers’ speech. It means students listen and repeat the teacher speaking
in order to improve their listening skills. Teaching speaking related to
constructivism process is how to construct the right utterances by listening
and repeating teacher speaking and how to overcome the problem of answer
teacher’ question using the strategic competence.
For example students can speak words such as;
Good morning I
am very well, thank you
Good afternoon I
am fine, thanks
Good evening Fine,
thanks
How are you
In daily conversation:
Farrah : Hello, Kevin,
Good morning
Kevin : Hello
Farrah,
Good morning
Farrah : How are
you?
Kevin : I am
fine thank you.
How are you?
Farrah : I am
fine, too.