Every kind ofpart of speech has their own characteristic and also its own clasification. among of part of speech are verb, adjective and also noun. the classification of noun itself depend on what theory you take. here i share you clasification of NOUN according to Frank Jeremiah.
There are three types of nouns that are available as stated
by Frank (1990:6). They are nouns which are classified by meaning,
nouns which are classified by form, and words having the form of other parts of
speech. The elaborations of three types of nouns are stated as following.
1.
Nouns classified by meaning.
a.
Proper nouns. Proper nouns are names of particular people (Einstein), names of geographic units such as countries,
cities, rivers, places, etc. (Holland, Paris, Nile, Borobudur Temple), names of
nationalities and religions (Irish, Islam) , names
of holidays (Idul Fitri), names of
time units (Saturday, October), words
used for personification – a thing or abstraction treated as a person (Nature, Liberty). Proper nouns
are always written with a capital initial letter. The remainder (bottle,
diary, hand, etc.) are classified as common
nouns (Burchfield, 2000:11).
b.
Concrete or abstract nouns. A concrete noun is a
word for a physical object that can be perceived by the senses (plant,
animal). While an abstract noun is a word for a concept. It is an idea that
exists in our minds only (beauty, justice).
c.
Countable or uncountable nouns. A countable noun
can usually be made plural by the addition of –s at the end of the
word. An uncountable noun is not used in plural. Mass nouns form one type of
uncountable noun. They are words for concrete objects stated in an undivided
quantity (coffee, iron). Abstract nouns (including names of school subjects
and sports) are uncountable (physic, swimming).
Some countable nouns may also be used in a
countable sense and will therefore have a plural. In the sentence We had
chicken for dinner, the words chicken is a mass noun. In There
were many chickens in the yard, the word chickens is a countable
noun. In addition, an uncountable noun may be used in the plural with the
special meaning of kinds of, e.g. Many fruits were displayed
at the fair.
d.
Collective nouns. A collective noun is a word for a
group of people, animals or objects considered as a single unit. The examples
of collective nouns are, audience, committee, class, crew, crowd, enemy,
faculty, family, flock, folk, government, group, herd, jury, majority,
minority, nation, orchestra, press, public, and team. Collective nouns are
countable nouns. They may be used in the plural.
2.
Nouns classified by form: noun compound. The term
compound, as it is used for a part of speech, refers to a group of words joined
together into one vocabulary unit that functions as a single part of speech.
Noun compounds consist of the following composite forms:
a. Noun + noun – bathroom, department store.
This kind of noun compound is most common.
b. Possessive noun + noun – lady’s maid, traveller’s
checks. Sometimes the ‘s is omitted from the first noun – a women’s
college, a citizen’s bank.
c. Adjective + noun – blackbird, blue print.
An adjective + noun compound is usually
not hyphenated.
d.
Verb + noun
– pickpocket, flashlight.
e. Noun + verb – handshake, lifeguard.
f. Gerund + noun – dining room, punching bag.
g. Noun + gerund – fortune telling,
housecleaning.
h. Preposition + noun – overall, downpour.
i. Verb + preposition-adverb – breakdown,
makeup.
j. Noun + prepositional phrase – son-in-law,
editor-in-chief.
An –er may be added to noun compounds
containing verbs to indicate “agent” – bystander, baby-sitter, pressure
cooker.
3.
Words having the form of other parts of speech.
a.
Adjective forms used as nouns. These nouns are
often preceded by the. They take a plural verb when they refer to
persons – The rich grow richer and the poor grow poorer. Adjectives of
nationality are frequently used, especially adjectives ending in -ch, -sh, or
-ese – the French, the Irish, the Chinese. Adjectives of nationality
that end in –an are also used as nouns, but they have a regular plural with
-s (Americans,
Italians). The addition of -man or -men to adjectives of
nationality changes them to regular nouns that may be singular or plural – the
Frenchmen, an Irishman.
Adjective forms used as nouns may be in comparative
form (The richest are not always the happiest), and they may be modified
by adverbs (the newly rich, the very poor), or even adjectives (the
deprived poor, the arrogant selfish rich).
A few -ed adjectives referring to persons
may also be used in the singular – his betrothed, the accused, the deceased.
The adjective form used as a noun may also express
an idea (Greek philosophers were searching for the good, the true and the
beautiful; the best is still not good enough for him) or a thing (Please
buy some margarine for me; the cheapest is good enough).
b. Verb forms used as
nouns. Swimming is a great sport; Seeing is believing. Such nouns with -ing
endings are called gerund. In addition, some words that usually function as
adverbs may be used as nouns –from there, by now.