1. Student inhibition
Speaking activities require a student to have all eyes on him and exposure to an audience can often give students stage fright. They may also be worried about making mistakes, being criticized or losing face in front of the rest of the class.
Another common problem is that students sometimes think they have nothing to say on a particular topic. In reality, they may be bored or feel that the topic is unrelated to anything they know. If this is the case, they will have no motivation to speak other than the fact that they know they should be participating in the speaking activity. Students often lack confidence in their speaking ability and feel they have insufficient language skills to express exactly what they want to say.
There will always be dominant students in an English class making it difficult for more reserved students to express themselves freely. Dominant students who interrupt frequently or who constantly look for the teacher's attention tend to create an environment in the ESL class where more timid students are quite happy to sit back and watch the lesson unfolding instead of participating.
Students who insist on using their mother tongue are students who are fearful of criticism and need to be encouraged to speak English. Students must understand that they cannot revert to their mother tongue as this will take away precious speaking practice time during lessons and slow down oral progress.
Teaching English as a second language means being able to solve problems students may have in acquiring certain language skills. There are a number of resources and activities available to get round these common speaking problems:
Group work increases the amount of time available for oral practice and allows more than one student to benefit from speaking time. Working in groups also lowers the inhibitions of shy students who are not comfortable speaking in front of the whole class.
Simple language makes it easier for students to speak for longer without hesitation and gives them a sense of accomplishment. Essential vocabulary can be pre-taught or reviewed before the activity enabling students to fill-out their speech with more interesting sentences and rich language.
Choosing a topic according to the interests of the class ensures student motivation. If the material and task instructions are presented clearly and enthusiastically students will be more likely to meet the challenge set for them.
Stating clearly what is expected from each student is essential in ensuring that everyone in the group contributes towards the discussion. Appointing a chairperson to each group to regulate participation is a way to make sure that dominant students leave discussion opportunities open to more reserved students. Feedback reveals the results of the discussion and motivates each student to follow the guidelines.
A monitor can be appointed to each group to remind students speaking their mother tongue to switch back to English. A lack of classroom management and discipline will encourage students, who do not feel that there is resistance to their mother tongue, to easily revert back to it as soon as they have problems expressing themselves.
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Insurance: An example of insurance would be purchasing car insurance to protect yourself financially in case you get into an accident.
Loans: Taking out a student loan to pay for college tuition is a common example of a loan.
Mortgage: Buying a house and taking out a mortgage to finance the purchase is a common example of a mortgage.
Attorney/Lawyer: Hiring a lawyer to represent you in a legal dispute or to provide legal advice is a common example of using an attorney.
Credit: Applying for a credit card and using it to make purchases that you will pay off over time is a common example of using credit.
Donate: Donating money to a charity or non-profit organization to support a cause you believe in is a common example of donating.
Degree: Earning a bachelor's degree in a specific field, such as engineering or business, is a common example of obtaining a degree.
Hosting: Using a web hosting service to create and host a website is a common example of hosting.
Claim: Filing a claim with your homeowner's insurance company after your house is damaged in a storm is a common example of making a claim.
Conference Call: Holding a virtual meeting with colleagues or clients via conference call is a common example of using a conference call.
Trading: Buying and selling stocks or other financial assets with the goal of making a profit is a common example of trading.
Software: Using Microsoft Office software to create and edit documents, spreadsheets, and presentations is a common example of using software.
Recovery: Recovering from an injury or illness with the help of medical treatment, physical therapy, or other interventions is a common example of recovery.
Transfer: Transferring money from one bank account to another using online banking or a mobile app is a common example of transferring funds.
Gas/Electricity: Paying a monthly bill to a gas or electricity company for the energy used to power your home or business is a common example of paying for gas or electricity.
Classes: Taking online classes to learn new skills or earn a certification is a common example of taking classes.
Rehab/Treatment: Seeking treatment for drug or alcohol addiction through a rehabilitation program is a common example of rehab or treatment.
Cord Blood: Donating cord blood after childbirth to a cord blood bank for potential use in medical treatments is a common example of cord blood donation.